Internal-combustion engine



Nov; 24,1925- 1562461 T. J. MALONEY INTENAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Sept. l0. 1923 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 @WIT Y ml,

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Nov. 24, 1925.

T. J. MALONEY INTERNAL CONBUSTION ENGINE Filed Sept. l0. 1923 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 ffy. la

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Patented Nov. 24, i925.

PATENT OFFICE.

THOMAS J. MALONEY, OF DENVER, COLORADO.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENG-INE.

Application :filed September 10, 1923.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, THOMAS J. MALONEY,

a citizen of the United States, residing at Denver, in the county of Denver and State i of Colorado, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Internal-Combine tion Engines; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the characters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates, broadly, to improvements in internal combustion engines and has reference more specifically to the valve mechanism.

The internal combustion engine, as ordinarily constructed, is provided with intake and exhaust valves of the poppet type which are held in closed position by means of springs and opened by means of cams. This type of valve has many objectionable features, but is employed mainly because it is simple and inexpensive. Poppet valves are hard to keep clean and tight because carbon particles have an excellent opportunity to lodge between the seat and the 30 valve. The most serious objection to the poppet valve is that it does not permit a sufficiently large opening to be formed to allow the explosive mixture to enter and the exhaust gases to leave with sufficient freedom to permit the engine to rotate at as high a speed as it could otherwise attain. In order to overcome the ydefects pointed out, it has been proposed to substitute for the poppet valves slide valves of various types and even rotary valves have been suggested.

It is the obj ect oi" this invention to produce a valve mechanism that is simple and can also be readily applied to engines of ordinary construction without a great amount of alteration.

My invention, broadly considered, consists in applying between the top of the cylinder block and the cylinder head a separate head member which carries two sets of slide valves, one for the intake and the other for the exhaust. Each set consists oi two slides mounted in 'dovetailed grooves and operated by means of a cam that moves with the engine. The slides have openings that are periodically moved into and out of register Serial N0. 661,844.

with the port openings and which permit the In order to better and more fully 'describe my invention, I shall have reference to the accompanying drawings in which the preferred embodiment thereof is shown, and in which:

Fig. 'l represents aside elevation of a portion ot an internal combustion engine constructed in accordance with my invention, parts being broken away to better show the construction.

Fig. 2 is a view taken on line 2 2, Fig. l and is a top plan view of the valve block.

Fig. 3 is a section taken on line 33, Fig. 2, and shows the position of the slides during the intake stroke of cylinder number one.

Fig. 4 is a section taken on line i-4, Fig. 2, and shows the position of the exhaust valve slides corresponding to the intake valve -position shown in Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a plan view of the top of the slide head showing the position of the slides with the intake port open to cylinder number 3 and the exhaust port open to cylinder number four.

Fig. 6 is a view similar to Fig. 5 and shows the intake port open to cylinder number four and the exhaust open to cylinder number 2.

Fig. Z is a view similar to Fig. 5 and shows the intake port open to cylinder number 2 and the exhaust open to cylinder number one.

Fig. 8 is a section taken on line SMS, Fig. l.

Fig. 9 is a partial end view looking in the direction of the arrows 9-e9, Fig. 1;' and Fig. l() is a diagram showing the position ot the valves for the various positions of the engines.

The same reference characters will be employed to designate the same or similar part-s throughout the several view A represents an ordinary engine block containing the four cylinders l, 2, 3 and 4;. The upper portion of the cylinders is surrounded by a water jacket 5, pistons 6 reciprocate within the cylinders in the usual manner, 7 represents a pump for the circulation of the cooling water and 8 is a silent gear chain which cooperates with a gear wheel located on the crank shaft and serves to rotate the cam wheel 9 which turn at one-.half the angular velocity ot the crank shaft. Secured to the top of the engine block is a cylinder head 10 which. ca ries the slide block 11 embedded therein. This block has two parallel rows of port openings 12 and 18 which are respectively7 the intake and the exhaust ports and open into the cylinders in the manner shown in Fig. 1. The block 11 has dovetailed slots 1l, one on each side `corresponding to the rows of intake and exhaust port openings. in the slots on the lower side of the block is a. slide 15 and in the upper slotthere is a' slide 1*. The two slides 15 are identical and ythis is alsotrue of slides 16. Slide 16 has four op enings, three of which are spaced lthe same distance apart as the corresponding port openings. These are indicated by numeral 17. r)The other, which is numbered 18, being spaced closer to the adjacent hole 17 by atleast the width of the hole. Slide 15 is also provided with three holes of the same size and shape as those in the slide 16, which in turn are of the same size and shape as the ports 12 and 13. The holes 19 and 20 are closer together than the corresponding port lopenings by a distance at least equal to the width of the port opening, the distance being the same as that between hole 18 and-the nearesethole 17. The hole 21 is the same size as hole 20, but it is spaced from the latter a distance equal to the distance between the central port openings plus a distance equal to or greater than twice the width of the port openings. The fourth hole 2271s the same width as the hole 21, but

slightly more than twice the length thereof and is spaced from the hole 21 such a distance that when the latter registers with the port'opening into cylinder number 2, then the whole of hole 22 will be between the port openings into cylinders 1 and 2.

1n Figs. 2, 8 and il l have shown the position `the slides assume during the intake of cylinder 1 and the exhaust from cylinder f3. This is referred to as position 1. The next or position 2 is the one in which the intake port, leading into cylinder 8 and the exhause port from cylinder 1, are open. This position is shown in Fig. 5. In Fig. (i I have shown the position the slides occupy when the intake port to cylinder l andthe exhaust port to cylinder 2 are open, while Fig. 7 shows the remaining position in which the intake port to cylinder 2 and eX- haust port from cylinder 1 are open.

Fig. 10 is a diagram in which the various positions of the slides 15 and 16 are shown with respect to the port openings 12 and 13. This diagran'i is self-explanatory and will not be described in detail, but will be referred to whenever it becomes desirable to do so.

Let us now assume, for .the purpose of r `explanation, that the parts are in such a position that the piston in number 1 cylinder is about to begin its intake stroke. The slides 15 and 16 are then in the position indicated as position 17 in Fig. 10 and shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3. In this position the intake port to numberlcylinder is open, as is also the exhaust port from cylinder number 8. r-rt the end of the intake stroke in cylinder number 1 the intake port must be closed. The intake port of cylinder number 8 Just be opened,- exhaust port of number 8 cylinder must be closed, and the exhaust port of cylinder number Ll: must be opened, all. as clearly shown inf-Fig. 10, which is drawn to conform to the usual sequence which is cylinders 1, 8, l, 2in the order named. Since the valve slides must be moved at the end of each stroke, it is of course necessary to provide a mechanism which will accomplish this. The following means has been provided for ope ating the valves:

A ca-m wheel 9 is'rotatably mounted on an axle 23 and has attached thereto a gear wheel 241 which is operatively connected to the crank shaft by meansl of a chain8 or by any other suitable power transmission means. The cam wheel 9 is geared to the crank shaft in such a manner` that it rotates at one-half the angular velocity of the crank shaft and therefore makes one revolution to every two revolutions of the shaft. In the outer. surface of the cam wheel are two cam grooves 25 and 26. The slides 15 and 16 are provided with arms 27 and 28. The arms 27 and' 28, which are connected to the slides con- 100 trolling the intake ports, differ from the arms that are connected to the slides controlling the exhaust ports in this, that they are lefts and rights. Each arm has its eX- treme end'29 bent inwardly so as to engage 105 in the grooves. As the cam grooves are coinposed of offset portions, they will'move the slides and maintain'them in the proper position for each stroke. As the exhaust portsz are opened and closed in the same sequence 110 as the intake ports, the pins 29 on-the ends of the arms connected to the slides that control the enhausty ports contact with the grooves QOdegrees from those that controlI the intake port; Since Fig. 10 shows the 115 position of each slide for each position of the engine, I have not shown a development of the cam grooves, as this is readily determinable from the data given. I am'aware that the slides may be operatedby a variety 120 of specifically different means and the one shown and described is illustrative only, and my invention includes all mechanical vequivalents for this purpose which fallwithin the scope of my claim.

I wish to call attention to the factr that, although my disclosureV shows the-slides loated in a separate block secured to theengine between the lcylinder headand the engine block, it is not my intention to limit my- 130 self to this construction, as the valves may be placed in any other suitable location.

Having now described my invention, what I claim is:

I In an internal combustion engine7 in combination, an engine block having a plurality of cylinders, a two-part cylinder head adapted to be secured to the top of the engine block, said head having an intake and an eX- 10 haust port for each cylinder, a stationary slide block adapted to be located between the two parts of the cylinder head, said slide block having two substantially parallel longitudinally extending grooves on each side and having also a number of intake port openings connecting two opposed grooves, and exhaust port openings connecting the other two opposed grooves, slides mounted in said grooves, said slides having openings therein at spaced intervals, and means for causing corresponding openings in two opposed slides to register with any desired opening in the slide block.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature.

THOMAS J. MALONEY. 

